CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
44-3-220 Short title.
This article shall be known and may be cited as the “Georgia Property Owners’
Association Act.”
(Code 1981, § 44-3-220, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-220
GA ST 44-3-220
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-221 Definitions.
As used in this article, the term:
(1) “Board of directors” or “board” means an executive and administrative
body, by whatever name denominated, designated in the instrument as the
governing body of the association.
(2) “Common area” means all real and personal property submitted to the
declaration which is owned or leased by the association for common use and
enjoyment of the members.
(3) “Common expenses” means all expenditures lawfully made or incurred by or
on behalf of the association together with all funds lawfully assessed for
the creation and maintenance of reserves pursuant to the provisions of the
instrument.
(4) “Court” means the superior court of the county where the development or
any part thereof is located.
(5) “Declarant” means all owners and lessees of the property who execute the
declaration or on whose behalf the declaration is executed; provided,
however, that the phrase “owners and lessees,” as used in this article, shall
not include in his or her capacity as such any mortgagee, any lien holder,
any person having an equitable interest under any contract for the sale or
lease of a lot, or any lessee or tenant of a lot. From the time of the
recordation of any amendment to the declaration expanding an expandable
property owners’ development, all persons who execute that amendment or on
whose behalf that amendment is executed shall also come within the definition
of “declarant.” Any successors-in-title of any owner or lessee referred to in
this paragraph who comes to stand in the same relation to the property
owners’ development as his or her predecessor did shall also come within such
definition.
(6) “Declaration” means the recordable instrument creating covenants upon
property which covenants are administered by a property owners’ association
in which membership is mandatory for all owners of lots in the property
owners’ development.
(7) “Foreclosure” means, without limitation, the judicial foreclosure of a
mortgage and the exercise of a power of sale contained in any mortgage.
(8) “Limited common areas” means a portion of the common area reserved for
the exclusive use of those entitled to occupy one or more, but less than all,
of the lots.
(9) “Lot” means any plot or parcel of land, other than a common area,
designated for separate ownership and occupancy shown on a recorded
subdivision plat for a development. Where the context indicates or requires,
the term lot includes any structure on the lot. GA ST 44-3-221 Page 2
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(10) “Lot owner” means one or more persons who are record title owners of a
lot.
(11) “Mortgage” means a mortgage, deed to secure debt, deed of trust, or
other instrument conveying a lien upon or security title to property.
(12) “Mortgagee” means the holder of a mortgage.
(13) “Officer” means an officer of the association.
(14) “Person” means a natural person, corporation, partnership, association,
trust, other entity, or any combination thereof.
(15) “Property” means any real property and any interest in real property,
including, without limitation, parcels of air space.
(16) “Property owners’ association” or “association” means a corporation
formed for the purpose of exercising the powers of the property owners’
association created pursuant to this article.
(17) “Property owners’ association instrument” or “instrument” means the
declaration, plats, and plans recorded pursuant to this article. Any
exhibit, schedule, or certification accompanying an instrument and recorded
simultaneously therewith shall be deemed an integral part of that instrument.
Any amendment or certification of any instrument shall, from the time of the
recordation of such amendment or certification, be deemed an integral part of
the affected instrument so long as such amendment or certification was made
in accordance with this article.
(18) “Property owners’ development” or “development” means real property
containing both lots and common area located within Georgia and subject to a
declaration and submitted to this article.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-221, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-221
GA ST 44-3-221
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-222 Creation of property owners’ development; affirmative election to
be governed by article.
A property owners’ development shall come into existence upon either the
recordation of the declaration pursuant to this article or the amendment of a
recorded declaration in accordance with Code Section 44-3-235. Any
declaration or amendment intending to bring or avail a development of the
benefits and provisions of this article shall state an affirmative election to
be so governed. Any original declaration shall be duly executed by or on
behalf of all of the owners of the submitted property. Any such amendment to an
existing declaration shall be executed in accordance with the terms of the
recorded declaration being amended thereby.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-222, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-222
GA ST 44-3-222
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-223 Compliance with provisions of instrument and with rules and
regulations; penalties for noncompliance.
Every lot owner and all those entitled to occupy a lot shall comply with all
lawful provisions of the property owners’ association instrument. In addition,
any lot owner and all those entitled to occupy a lot shall comply with any
reasonable rules or regulations adopted by the association pursuant to the
instrument which have been provided to the lot owners and with the lawful
provisions of the bylaws of the association. Any lack of such compliance shall
be grounds for an action to recover sums due, for damages or injunctive relief,
or for any other remedy available at law or in equity, maintainable by the
association or, in any proper case, by one or more aggrieved lot owners on
their own behalf or as a class action. If and to the extent provided in the
instrument, the association shall be empowered to impose and assess fines and
suspend temporarily voting rights and the right of use of certain of the common
areas and services paid for as a common expense in order to enforce such
compliance; provided, however, that no such suspension shall deny any lot owner
or occupants access to the lot owned or occupied.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-223, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-223
GA ST 44-3-223
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-224 Voting at association meetings.
(a) Since a lot owner may be more than one person, if only one of those
persons is present at a meeting of the association, that person shall be
entitled to cast the votes pertaining to that lot. However, if more than one
of those persons is present, the vote pertaining to that lot shall be cast only
in accordance with their unanimous agreement unless the instrument expressly
provides otherwise; and such consent shall be conclusively presumed if any one
of them purports to cast the votes pertaining to that lot without protest being
made immediately by any of the others to the person presiding over the meeting.
(b) The votes pertaining to any lot may, and, in the case of any lot owner
not a natural person or persons, shall, be cast pursuant to a proxy or proxies
duly executed by or on behalf of the lot owner or, in cases where the lot owner
is more than one person, by or on behalf of the joint owners of the lot. No
such proxy shall be revocable except by written notice delivered to the
association by the lot owner or by any joint owners of a lot. Any proxy shall
be void if it is not dated or if it purports to be revocable without such
notice.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-224, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-224
GA ST 44-3-224
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-225 Assessment of expenses; exemption from liability; liability for
unpaid assessments.
(a) To the extent that the instrument expressly so provides:
(1) Any common expenses benefiting less than all of the lots shall be
specially assessed equitably among all of the lots so benefited, as
determined by the board;
(2) Any common expenses occasioned by the conduct of less than all of those
entitled to occupy all of the lots or by the licensees or invitees of any
such lot or lots shall be specially assessed against the lot or lots, the
conduct of any occupant, licensee, or invitee of which occasioned any such
common expenses;
(3) Any common expenses significantly disproportionately benefiting all of
the lots shall be assessed equitably among all of the lots in the development
as determined by the board; and
(4) Other than for limited common areas expressly designated as such in the
instrument and assigned to fewer than all lots, nothing contained in
paragraph (1) or (3) of this subsection shall permit an association to
specially or disproportionately allocate common expenses for periodic
maintenance, repair, and replacement of any portion of the common area or the
lots which the association has the obligation to maintain, repair, or
replace.
(b) No lot owner other than the association shall be exempted from any
liability for any assessment under this Code section or under any instrument
for any reason whatsoever, including, without limitation, abandonment, nonuse,
or waiver of the use or enjoyment of his or her lot or any part of the common
area.
(c) Unless otherwise provided in the instrument and except as provided in
subsection (d) of this Code section, the grantee in a conveyance of a lot shall
be jointly and severally liable with the grantor thereof for all unpaid
assessments against the latter up to the time of the conveyance without
prejudice to the grantee’s right to recover from the grantor the amounts paid
by the grantee; provided, however, that if the grantor or grantee shall request
a statement from the association as provided in subsection (d) of Code
Section 44-3-232, such grantee and his or her successors, successors-in-title,
and assigns shall not be liable for nor shall the property owners’ association
lot conveyed be subject to a lien for any unpaid assessments against such
grantor in excess of any amount set forth in the statement.
(d) In the event that the holder of a first priority mortgage or secondary
purchase money mortgage of record, provided that neither the grantee nor any
successor grantee on the secondary purchase money mortgage is the seller of the
lot, or in the event that any other person acquires title to any lot as a
result of foreclosure of any such mortgage, such holder or other person and his
or her successors, successors-in-title, and assigns shall not be liable for nor GA ST 44-3-225 Page 2
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shall the lot be subject to any lien for assessments under this Code section or
under any instrument chargeable to the lot on account of any period priorto
the acquisition of title; provided, however, that the unpaid share of an
assessment or assessments shall be deemed to be a common expense collectable
from all of the lot owners, including such holder or other person and his or
her successors, successors-in-title, and assigns.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-225, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-225
GA ST 44-3-225
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-226 Amendment of instrument; presumption of validity in court action.
(a) Except to the extent expressly permitted or required by other provisions
of this article, the instrument shall be amended only by the agreement of lot
owners of lots to which two-thirds of the votes in the association pertain or
such larger majority as the instrument may specify; provided, however, that,
during any such time as there shall exist an unexpired option to add any
additional property to the property owners’ association or during any such time
as the declarant has the right to control the association under the instrument,
the agreement shall be that of the declarant and the lot owners of lots to
which two-thirds of the votes in the association pertain, exclusive of any vote
or votes appurtenant to any lot or lots then owned by the declarant, or a
larger majority as the instrument may specify. Notwithstanding any other
provisions of this subsection, during such time as the declarant shall own at
least one lot primarily for the purpose of sale of such lot, no amendment shall
be made to the instrument without the written agreement of the declarant if
such amendment would impose a greater restriction on the use or development by
the declarant of the lot or lots owned by the declarant.
(b) No amendment of an instrument shall require approval of lot owners to
which more than 80 percent of the association vote pertains and the mortgagees
holding 80 percent of the voting interest of mortgaged lots; any property
owners’ association which exists prior to July 1, 1994, and amends its
documents to avail itself of the provisions of this article shall be deemed to
have amended the association instrument to conform to this limitation. This
subsection shall not be deemed to eliminate or modify any right of the
declarant provided for in the instrument to approve amendments to the
instrument so long as the declarant owns any lot primarily for the purpose of
sale and, furthermore, this Code section shall not be construed as modifying or
altering the rights of a mortgagee set forth elsewhere in this article.
(c) Except to the extent expressly permitted or required by other provisions
of this article, or agreed upon or permitted by the instrument concerning
submission of additional property to this article by the declarant or the
association, or agreed upon by all lot owners and the mortgagees of all lots,
no amendment to the instrument shall change the boundaries of any lot, the
number of votes in the association pertaining thereto, or the liability for
common expenses pertaining thereto.
(d) Agreement of the required majority of lot owners to any amendment of the
instrument shall be evidenced by their execution of the amendment. In the
alternative, provided that the declarant does not then have the right to
control the association pursuant to the instrument, the sworn statement of the
president, of any vice president, or of the secretary of the association
attached to or incorporated in an amendment executed by the association, which
sworn statement states unequivocally that agreement of the required majority
was otherwise lawfully obtained and that all notices required by this article
were properly given, shall be sufficient to evidence the required agreement.
Any such amendment of the instrument shall become effective only when recorded
or at such later date as may be specified in the amendment itself. GA ST 44-3-226 Page 2
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(e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this article or in the
instrument, the approval of any proposed amendment by a mortgagee shall be
deemed implied and consented to if the mortgagee fails to submit a response to
any written proposal for an amendment within 30 days after the mortgagee
receives notice of the proposed amendment sent by certified mail or statutory
overnight delivery, return receipt requested.
(f) In any court suit or action where the validity of the adoption of an
amendment to an instrument is at issue, the adoption of the amendment shall be
presumed valid if the suit is commenced more than one year after the recording
of the amendment on the public record. In such cases, the burden of proof
shall be upon the party challenging the validity of the adoption of the
amendment.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-226, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1; Ga. L. 1995,
p. 10, § 44; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 3.)
Code, 44-3-226
GA ST 44-3-226
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-227 Incorporation as prerequisite to submission to article;
requirements as to corporate documents; board of directors.
(a) Prior to submission to this article, the association shall be duly
incorporated either as a business corporation under Chapter 2 of Title 14 or as
a nonprofit membership corporation under Chapter 3 of Title 14, as amended. The
corporate name of the association shall include the word or words
“homeowners,” “property owners,” or “association” and shall otherwise comply
with applicable laws regarding corporate names. The articles of incorporation
of the association and the bylaws adopted by the association shall contain
provisions not inconsistent with applicable law including but not limited to
this article or with the declaration as may be required by this article or by
the declaration and as may be deemed appropriate or desirable for the proper
management and administration of the association. The term “member” shall
include a shareholder in the event the association is a business corporation or
issues stock. Membership shall continue during the period of ownership by such
lot owner.
(b) Prior to the first conveyance of a property owners’ association lot, the
declarant shall cause the first board directors to be duly appointed, the
officers to be elected, and the organization of the association to be
effectuated.
(c) True and correct copies of the articles of incorporation and bylaws of
the association and all amendments thereto shall be maintained at the principal
and the registered offices of the association and at the sales office of the
declarant so long as the declarant has the right to control the association
pursuant to the instrument; and copies thereof shall be furnished to any lot
owner on request upon payment of a reasonable charge therefor.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-227, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-227
GA ST 44-3-227
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-228 Presence of quorums at meetings.
Unless the instrument provides otherwise, a quorum shall be deemed present
throughout any meeting of the members of the association if persons entitled to
cast more than one-third of the votes are present at the beginning of the
meeting. Unless the instrument specifies a larger majority, a quorum shall be
deemed present throughout any meeting of the board of directors if persons
entitled to cast one-half of the votes in that body are present at such
meeting.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-228, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-228
GA ST 44-3-228
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-229 Persons deemed to be “lot owner.”
If the instrument provides that any member of the board of directors or any
officer of the association must be a lot owner, then, notwithstanding Code
Section 44-3-221, the term “lot owner” in such context shall, unless the
instrument otherwise provides, be deemed to include, without limitation, any
shareholder, director, officer, partner in, or trustee of any person who is,
either alone or in conjunction with any other person or persons, a lot owner.
Any individual who would not be eligible to serve as a member of the board of
directors or officer were he or she not a shareholder, director, officer,
partner in, or trustee of such a person shall be deemed to have disqualified
himself or herself from continuing in office if he or she ceases to have any
such affiliation with that person.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-229, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-229
GA ST 44-3-229
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-230 Frequency of meetings; notice.
Meetings of the members of the association shall be held in accordance with
the provisions of the association’s bylaws and in any event not less frequently
than annually. Notice shall be given to each lot owner at least 21 days in
advance of any annual or regularly scheduled meeting and at least seven days in
advance of any other meeting and shall state the time, place, and purpose of
such meeting. Such notice shall be delivered personally or sent by United
States mail, postage prepaid, to all lot owners of record at such address or
addresses as designated by such lot owners or, if no other address has been so
designated, at the address of their respective lots. At the annual meeting,
comprehensive reports of the affairs, finances, and budget projections of the
association shall be made to the lot owners.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-230, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1; Ga. L. 1995,
p. 10, § 44.)
Code, 44-3-230
GA ST 44-3-230
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-231 Powers and duties of association; legal actions against agent or
employee of association.
(a) Except to the extent prohibited by the instrument and subject to any
restrictions and limitations specified therein, the association shall have the
power to:
(1) Employ, retain, dismiss, and replace agents and employees to exercise
and discharge the powers and responsibilities of the association;
(2) Make or cause to be made additional improvements on and as a part of the
common area; and
(3) Grant or withhold approval of any action by one or more lot owners or
other persons entitled to occupancy of any lot if such action would change
the exterior appearance of any lot, or any structure thereon, or of any other
portion of the development or elect or provide for the appointment of an
architectural control committee to grant or withhold such approval.
(b) Except to the extent prohibited by the instrument and subject to any
restrictions and limitations specified therein, the association shall have the
power to grant easements, leases, and licenses through or over the common area,
to accept easements, leases, and licenses benefiting the development or any
portion thereof, and to acquire or lease property in the name of the
association. Property so acquired by the association upon the recordation of
the deed thereto or other instrument granting the same and designating property
as common area shall, for all purposes including without limitation taxation,
be a part of the common area. The association shall also have the power to
acquire, lease, and own in its own name property of any nature, real, personal,
or mixed, tangible or intangible; to borrow money; and to pledge, mortgage, or
hypothecate all or any portion of the property of the association for any
lawful purpose within the association’s inherent or expressly granted powers.
Any third party dealing with the association shall be entitled to rely in good
faith upon a certified resolution of the board of directors of the association
authorizing any such act or transaction as conclusive evidence of the authority
and power of the association so to act and of full compliance with all
restraints, conditions, and limitations, if any, upon the exercise of such
authority and power.
(c) The association shall have the power to amend the instrument, the
articles of incorporation, and the bylaws of the association in such respects
as may be required to conform to mandatory provisions of this article or of any
other applicable law without a vote of the lot owners.
(d) In addition to any other duties and responsibilities as this article or
the instrument may impose, the association shall keep:
(1) Detailed minutes of all meetings of the members of the association and
of the board of directors;
(2) Detailed and accurate financial records, including itemized records of GA ST 44-3-231 Page 2
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all receipts and expenditures; and
(3) Any books and records as may be required by law or be necessary to
reflect accurately the affairs and activities of the association.
(e) This Code section shall not be construed to prohibit the grant or
imposition of other powers and responsibilities to or upon the association by
the instrument.
(f) Except to the extent otherwise expressly required by this article, by
Chapter 2 or 3 of Title 14, by the instrument, by the articles of
incorporation, or by the bylaws of the association, the powers inherent in or
expressly granted to the association may be exercised by the board of
directors, acting through the officers, without any further consent or action
on the part of the lot owners.
(g) A tort action alleging or founded upon negligence or willful misconduct
by any agent or employee of the association or in connection with the
conditions of any portion of the instrument which the association has the
responsibility to maintain shall be brought against the association. No lot
owner shall be precluded from bringing such an action by virtue of his
membership in the association. A judgment against the association arising from
a tort action shall be a lien against the assets of the association.
(h) The association shall have the capacity, power, and standing to
institute, intervene, prosecute, represent, or defend in its own name
litigation or administrative or other proceedings of any kind concerning claims
or other matters relating to any portion of the lots or common area which the
association has the responsibility to administer, repair, or maintain.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-231, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-231
GA ST 44-3-231
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-232 Assessments against lot owners as constituting lien in favor of
association; additional charges against lot owners; procedure for foreclosing
lien; obligation to provide statement of amounts due.
(a) All sums lawfully assessed by the association against any lot owner or
property owners’ association lot, whether for the share of the common expenses
pertaining to that lot, fines, or otherwise, and all reasonable charges made to
any lot owner or lot for materials furnished or services rendered by the
association at the owner’s request to or on behalf of the lot owner or lot,
shall, from the time the sums became due and payable, be the personal
obligation of the lot owner and constitute a lien in favor of the association
on the lot prior and superior to all other liens whatsoever except:
(1) Liens for ad valorem taxes on the lot;
(2) The lien of any first priority mortgage covering the lot and the lien of
any mortgage recorded prior to the recording of the declaration; or
(3) The lien of any secondary purchase money mortgage covering the lot,
provided that neither the grantee nor any successor grantee on the mortgage
is the seller of the lot.
The recording of the declaration pursuant to this article shall constitute
record notice of the existence of the lien, and no further recordation of any
claim of lien for assessments shall be required.
(b) To the extent that the instrument provides, the personal obligation of
the lot owner and the lien for assessments shall also include:
(1) A late or delinquency charge not in excess of the greater of $10.00 or
10 percent of the amount of each assessment or installment thereof not paid
when due;
(2) At a rate not in excess of 10 percent per annum, interest on each
assessment or installment thereof and any delinquency or late charge
pertaining thereto from the date the same was first due and payable;
(3) The costs of collection, including court costs, the expenses required
for the protection and preservation of the lot, and reasonable attorney’s
fees actually incurred; and
(4) The fair rental value of the lot from the time of the institution of an
action until the sale of the lot at foreclosure or until judgment rendered in
the action is otherwise satisfied.
(c) Not less than ten days after notice is sent by certified mail or
statutory overnight delivery, return receipt requested, to the lot owner both
at the address of the lot and at any other address or addresses which the lot
owner may have designated to the association in writing, the lien may be
foreclosed by the association by an action, judgment, and foreclosure in the
same manner as other liens for the improvement of real property. The notice GA ST 44-3-232 Page 2
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shall specify the amount of the assessments then due and payable together with
authorized late charges and interest accrued thereon. Unless prohibited by the
instrument, the association shall have the power to bid on the lot at any
foreclosure sale and to acquire, hold, lease, encumber, and convey the same.
The lien for assessments shall lapse and be of no further effect, as to
assessments or installments thereof, together with late charges and interest
applicable thereto, which first become due and payable more than three years
prior to the date upon which the notice contemplated in this subsection is
given or more than three years prior to the institution of an action therefor
if an action is not instituted within 90 days after the giving of the notice.
(d) Any lot owner, mortgagee of a lot, person having executed a contract for
the purchase of a lot, or lender considering the loan of funds to be secured by
a lot shall be entitled upon request to a statement from the association or its
management agent setting forth the amount of assessments past due and unpaid
together with late charges and interest applicable thereto against that lot.
Such request shall be in writing, shall be delivered to the registered office
of the association, and shall state an address to which the statement is to be
directed. Failure on the part of the association, within five business days
from the receipt of such request, to mail or otherwise furnish such statement
regarding amounts due and payable at the expiration of such five-day period
with respect to the lot involved to such address as may be specified in the
written request therefor shall cause the lien for assessments created by this
Code section to be extinguished and of no further force or effect as to the
title or interest acquired by the purchaser or lender, if any, as the case may
be, and their respective successors and assigns, in the transaction
contemplated in connection with such request. The information specified in
such statement shall be binding upon the association and upon every lot owner.
Payment of a fee not exceeding $10.00 may be required as a prerequisite to the
issuance of such a statement if the instrument so provides.
(e) Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to prohibit actions
maintainable pursuant to Code Section 44-3-223 to recover sums for which
subsection (a) of this Code section creates a lien.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-232, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1; Ga. L. 1995,
p. 10, § 44; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 3.)
Code, 44-3-232
GA ST 44-3-232
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-233 Liberal construction of article; substantial compliance; curing of
defects by amendment.
The provisions of this article and of an instrument recorded pursuant thereto
shall be liberally construed in favor of the valid establishment of property
owners’ association pursuant to this article with respect to the submitted
property. Substantial compliance with the requirements of this article for the
establishment of a property owners’ association shall suffice to being property
described in an instrument recorded pursuant to this article within the purview
and application of this article; and any defects in such instrument or want of
conformity with this article may be cured by an amendment thereto duly executed
by the association and recorded or, upon application of any lot owner, with
notice to the declarant, the association, and all other lot owners, by decree
of the court.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-233, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-233
GA ST 44-3-233
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-234 Application of article.
The limitations provided in subsection (b) and paragraphs (1), (2), and (4)
of subsection (d) of Code Section 44-5-60 shall not apply to any covenants
contained in any instrument created pursuant to or submitted to this article.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-234, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-234
GA ST 44-3-234
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CODE OF GEORGIA
TITLE 44. PROPERTY
CHAPTER 3. REGULATION OF SPECIALIZED LAND TRANSACTIONS
ARTICLE 6. PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Copyright © 1982-2002 by The State of Georgia. All rights reserved.
Current through 2001 Second Extraordinary Session of the General Assembly
44-3-235 Applicability of article.
(a) This article shall apply to all property which is submitted to this
article. This article shall also apply to any association of owners subject to
a recorded declaration of covenants upon property, which covenants are
administered by an owners’ association in which membership is mandatory for all
owners of lots in the development, which declaration is amended in accordance
with Code Section 44-3-222 in order to submit the property owners’
association to this article; provided, however, that any amendment must conform
the instrument creating the property owners’ association to this article, and
the property owners’ development shall thereafter be deemed to be submitted to
this article.
(b) This article shall not apply to associations created pursuant to Article
3 of this chapter, the “Georgia Condominium Act.”
(c) This article shall not be construed to affect the validity of any
instrument recorded before or after July 1, 1994, but benefits derived from or
based upon this article may only be claimed by developments submitted to this
article.
(Code 1981, § 44-3-235, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 1879, § 1.)
Code, 44-3-235
GA ST 44-3-235
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